ENDNOTES
[1] High hydraulic conductivity means the substrate, e.g. basalt, allows water to easily flow through it
[2] MacIntyre, S., 1995. “Trace gas exchange across the air-sea interface in fresh water and coastal marine environments.” Biogenic trace gases: Measuring emissions from soil and water: 52-97
[3] Corbett, D.R. et al., 1999. “Patterns of groundwater discharge into Florida Bay.” Limnology and Oceanography, 44(4): 1045-1055
[4] Dulai, H., A. Kleven, K. Ruttenberg, R. Briggs, F.I. Thomas, 2016. “Evaluation of Submarine Groundwater Discharge as Coastal Nutrient Source and Its Role in Coastal Groundwater Quality and Quantity.” A. Fares (ed.), Emerging Issues in Groundwater Resources, Advances in Water Security, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32008-3_8
[5] Richardson, C.M., Dulai, H., Popp, B.N., Ruttenberg, K., Fackrell, J.K., 2017. “Submarine groundwater discharge drives biogeochemistry in two Hawaiian reefs.” Limnology and Oceanography, 62(S1): S348-S363
[6] Dulai, H., Kleven, A. Ruttenberg, K., Briggs R., Thomas, F.I. 2016. “Evaluation of Submarine Groundwater Discharge as Coastal Nutrient Source and Its Role in Coastal Groundwater Quality and Quantity.” A. Fares (ed.), Emerging Issues in Groundwater Resources, Advances in Water Security, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32008-3_8
[7] Glenn, C.G., Whittier, R.B., Dailer, M.L., Dulaiova, H. El-Kadi, A. I., Fackrell, J., Kelly, J.L., Waters,C.A., and Sevadjian, J. 2013. “Lahaina groundwater tracer study – Lahaina, Maui, Hawaii.” Final Report prepared for the State of Hawaii Department of Health, US EPA and US Army Engineer Research and Development Center. 502 pp.
[8] Knee, K.L., Street, J.H., Grossman, E.E., Boehm, A.B., Paytan, A., 2010. “Nutrient inputs to the coastal ocean from submarine groundwater discharge in a groundwater- dominated system: relation to land use (Kona Coast, Hawai’i, USA)”. Limnology and Oceanography 55, 1105–1122.
[9] 1 Constable, S. C., Parker, R. L., Constable, C. G., 1987. “Occam’s inversion: a practical algorithm for generating smooth models from electromagnetic sounding data.” Geophysics 52, 289-300.
[10] 1 Constable, S. C., Parker, R. L., Constable, C. G., 1987. “Occam’s inversion: a practical algorithm for generating smooth models from electromagnetic sounding data.” Geophysics 52, 289-300.
[11] State of Hawai‘i Department of Transportation. January 14, 2002. “Final Environmental Assessment (EA) Port Allen Airport.”
[12] Loke M.H., and Barker R. D. 1996. “Rapid least-squares inversion of apparent resistivity pseudo sections using a quasi-Newton method.” Geophys. Prospect 44:131–152
[13] Dudley, B., Hughes, F., Asner,G., Baldwin, J. Miyazawa, Y., Dulai, H., Waters, C., Bishop, J. Vaughn, N. Yeh, J. Kettwich, S., MacKenzie, R. Ostertag, R., Giambelluca, T. 2020. “Hydrological effects of tree invasion on a dry coastal Hawaiian ecosystem.” Forest Ecology and Management, 458.
[14] Edward K. Noda and Associates, Inc. January 12, 2001. “Hydrogeological Exploration Port Allen Airport Hanapēpē, Kaua‘i, Hawai‘i.” State Project No. AK2010-01. Prepared for State of Hawai‘i Department of Transportation Airports Division.
[15] Nobrega-Olivera, M. Personal communication.
[16] Revil, A., Ahmed, A.S., Jardani, A. 2017. “Self-potential: A Non-intrusive Ground Water Flow Sensor.” Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics; 22 (3): 235–247. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/JEEG22.3.235
[17] Barde-Cabusson, S., Finizola, A., Grobbe, N. 2021. “A Practical approach for self-potential data acquisition, processing, and visualization.” Interpretation, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Society of Exploration Geophysicists 9, pp.T123-T143. ⟨10.1190/int-2020-0012.1⟩. ⟨hal-03003692⟩
[18] Nobrega-Olivera, 2022. Personal Communication.
[19] Wallin E.L., T.C. Johnson, W.J. Greenwood, and J.M. Zachara. 2013. “Imaging high stage river-water intrusion into a contaminated aquifer along a major river corridor using 2D time-lapse surface electrical resistivity tomography.” Water Resources Research 49, no. 3:1693-1708. PNNL-SA-88529. doi:10.1002/wrcr.20119
[20] Johnson T.C., R. Versteeg, J.N. Thomle, G.E. Hammond, X. Chen, and J.M. Zachara. 2015. “Four-dimensional electrical conductivity monitoring of stage-driven river water intrusion: Accounting for water table effects using a transient mesh boundary and conditional inversion constraints.” Water Resources Research 51, no. 8:6177-6196. PNNL-SA-103949. doi:10.1002/2014WR016129
[21] https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/
[22] https://inport.nmfs.noaa.gov/inport/item/49746, https://inport.nmfs.noaa.gov/inport/item/48370
[23] Harbaugh A.W., Banta E.R, Hill M.C, McDonald M.G. 2000. “MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model; user guide to modularization concepts and the ground-water flow process”. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-92, 121 p.
[24] Longman, R.J , Lucas, M.P. ,Mclean, J., Cleveland, S., Kodama, K., Frazier, A.G., Kamelamela, K.,Schriber, A., Dodge, M. Jacobs, G., Giambelluca, T. W. n.d. “Hawaiʻi Climate Data Portal (HCDP).” Scientific Data. (In Preparation)
[25] Fetter, C.W. 2018. “Applied Hydrogeology”. soft, 4th edition 2018, Waveland Press, ISBN-13: 978-1478637097.
[26] Fetter, C.W. 2018. “Applied Hydrogeology”. soft, 4th edition. Waveland Press, ISBN-13: 978-1478637097.
[27] Nobrega-Olivera, M. 2022. personal communication.
[28] Hawai`i Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Commission. March 22, 2021. “Nature Based Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Change In Hawai`i. A Climate Ready Hawai`i Working Paper.”
[29] Kaufman, A., T. Gallaher, and Ricordi, A.H. 2015. “Deflecting the Wave: Using Coastal Vegetation to Mitigate Tsunami and Storm Surge.” University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences.
[30] Fetter, C.W. (2018). Applied Hydrogeology, soft, 4th edition 2018, Waveland Press, ISBN-13: 978-1478637097.